At present, MPS III is terminal.
Lifespan of children with Sanfilippo
At this time, only palliative care is available. Life expectancy varies based on Sanfilippo type and individual progression. The average life expectancy is in the teens.
A 2017 study of patients in the United Kingdom with Sanfilippo syndrome analyized lifespans according to type of Sanfilippo and found:
- In Sanfilippo type A: mean age at death (± standard deviation) was 15.22 ± 4.22 years,
- In Sanfilippo type B: mean age at death was 18.91 ± 7.33 years
- In Sanfilippo type C: mean age at death was 23.43 ± 9.47 years
- Sanfilippo type D was not analyzed because the study lacked data on patients with this rare type
Sanfilippo has its most devastating effects on the brain.
Children experience hyperactivity, sleeplessness, loss of speech, loss of toileting skills, intellectual disability, heart problems, vision loss, seizures, loss of mobility, dementia, and finally death.
The disease progression can vary significantly from one child to the next, making it particularly difficult to predict.
Symptoms cover a wide spectrum and some children may experience particular symptoms more than others.
Causes of Death in Children With Sanfilippo
The “Mortality in patients with Sanfilippo syndrome” study report also found that respiratory tract infections, notably pneumonia, remain the leading cause of mortality in patients with Sanfilippo types A and B.
“Pneumonia accounted for more than 50% of deaths in patients with Sanfilippo syndrome type A. Cardiorespiratory failure, gastrointestinal complications, central nervous system complications and other causes were responsible for 11%, 4%, 4% and 30% of deaths, respectively.”
“Pneumonia was also the leading cause of death in patients with Sanfilippo syndrome type B. Cardiorespiratory failure, gastrointestinal complications and other causes accounted for 20%, 4% and 38% of deaths, respectively.”